突發(fā)！歐盟擬限制采購中國醫(yī)療器械！

日期:2025-06-03

瀏覽量：3223

據(jù)彭博社引述知情人士報(bào)道，歐盟將限制中國醫(yī)療器械制造商參與歐盟公共采購合同的資格。

該消息人士表示：歐盟成員國最快將于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間星期一（6月2日）對這一提案進(jìn)行投票。

如果提案獲得通過，這將成為歐盟依據(jù)其2022年出臺(tái)的《國際采購文書》采取的首個(gè)實(shí)質(zhì)性行動(dòng)，該文書是 2022 年出臺(tái)的一項(xiàng)法律，旨在促進(jìn)公共采購市場準(zhǔn)入的互惠。

歐盟于去年 4 月對中國醫(yī)療器械采購展開調(diào)查，于今年1月認(rèn)定中國在醫(yī)療器械采購中存在歧視外國企業(yè)的現(xiàn)象，后續(xù)可能會(huì)限制中國參與公開招標(biāo)。

根據(jù)《國際采購文書》規(guī)定，歐盟委員會(huì)有權(quán)對試圖參與歐盟公共采購的企業(yè)施加各種限制措施，從投標(biāo)評分調(diào)整到完全禁止參與采購合同等。

具體來說，歐盟可能會(huì)采取以下措施:

限制或排除中國競標(biāo)者參與歐盟政府合同：這意味著歐盟可能會(huì)在其公共采購中限制或完全排除中國供應(yīng)商的參與。
對中國投標(biāo)者扣分：在未來的5 年內(nèi)，歐盟可能會(huì)在評估投標(biāo)時(shí)，對中國供應(yīng)商的投標(biāo)進(jìn)行額外扣分。

此次針對中國醫(yī)療器械制造商的限制措施，源于歐盟對中國公共采購市場長期存在的不平衡現(xiàn)象的擔(dān)憂。2024年4月，歐盟啟動(dòng)了對中國醫(yī)療器械采購市場的調(diào)查，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注中國在醫(yī)療技術(shù)采購中日益突出的本地化導(dǎo)向。調(diào)查結(jié)果于2025年1月發(fā)布，歐盟認(rèn)定中國在醫(yī)療器械采購中存在歧視外國企業(yè)的行為。例如，中國多個(gè)省市在醫(yī)療器械采購中設(shè)定了嚴(yán)格的國產(chǎn)化要求，優(yōu)先選擇本地供應(yīng)商，這使得外國企業(yè)難以進(jìn)入中國市場。

歐盟的報(bào)告顯示，這一政策直接推動(dòng)了中國醫(yī)療器械貿(mào)易的逆轉(zhuǎn)：從2019年的13億歐元逆差，到2020年迅速轉(zhuǎn)為52億歐元的順差。

值得注意的是，歐盟的這一舉措并非孤立事件。近年來，全球主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體對公共采購市場的保護(hù)主義傾向有所抬頭。例如，美國通過“購買美國貨”政策強(qiáng)化了對本地企業(yè)的支持，而中國則通過本地化要求鞏固了國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的競爭力。歐盟的《國際采購文書》正是在這一背景下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，旨在通過對等措施維護(hù)歐盟企業(yè)的利益。然而，分析人士指出，這種以限制對限制的策略可能導(dǎo)致全球貿(mào)易進(jìn)一步碎片化，甚至引發(fā)報(bào)復(fù)性措施。

對此，歐盟中國商會(huì)微信公眾號“CCCEU”6月3日發(fā)布聲明稱，嚴(yán)重關(guān)切歐盟擬根據(jù)《國際采購工具》對中資企業(yè)采取限制性措施。

歐盟中國商會(huì)聲明

對歐盟擬根據(jù)《國際采購工具》對中資企業(yè)采取限制性措施表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切

2025年6月2日，比利時(shí)布魯塞爾

歐盟中國商會(huì)注意到，媒體當(dāng)日報(bào)道，歐盟成員國依據(jù)《國際采購工具》（IPI）批準(zhǔn)對中方采取懲罰性措施的決定，據(jù)該決定，中國企業(yè)未來5年將被限制參與價(jià)值超過500萬歐元的歐盟醫(yī)療器械公共招標(biāo)項(xiàng)目。歐盟中國商會(huì)對歐方這一決定深表失望，對歐方將限制中企參與歐洲當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療采購市場表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切。

IPI是歐方的單邊工具，歐方這一有針對性的做法釋放出令人擔(dān)憂的信號，不僅加劇了中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，也與歐盟所倡導(dǎo)的開放市場和公平競爭原則相悖。

值得指出的是，一味追求所謂“市場平等”并不能脫離歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)的邏輯。長期以來，歐洲醫(yī)療器械企業(yè)在中國市場享受到了高度的開放紅利，深度參與中國醫(yī)療體系的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，取得了顯著發(fā)展。歐方6月2日的決定未能充分考慮這一背景，將對中歐多年來在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域積累的互信與合作基礎(chǔ)造成沖擊。

當(dāng)前，全球貿(mào)易體系正面臨高度不確定性。部分國家不斷推出單邊關(guān)稅措施，嚴(yán)重?cái)_亂全球市場秩序。在此背景下，中歐作為全球主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體，理應(yīng)攜手維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易與多邊合作，而非單邊設(shè)限、加劇緊張。

中國企業(yè)一貫秉持合法合規(guī)、誠信經(jīng)營的原則，在歐盟市場積極拓展業(yè)務(wù)，為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和就業(yè)吸納做出了實(shí)質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)。

我們敦促歐方重新審視IPI對中企在歐發(fā)展擬采取懲罰性措施的必要性與長遠(yuǎn)影響，避免將政策工具演變?yōu)橘Q(mào)易壁壘。堅(jiān)持開放、公正、非歧視的市場環(huán)境，不僅符合中歐共同利益，也有助于提振全球經(jīng)濟(jì)信心與可持續(xù)發(fā)展前景。

歐盟中國商會(huì)將繼續(xù)秉持建設(shè)性態(tài)度，與歐方各界保持溝通，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)會(huì)員企業(yè)的合法權(quán)益。我們堅(jiān)信，中歐雙方通過對話與合作，有能力妥善管控分歧，推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)邁向更加開放、穩(wěn)定和包容的未來。

CCCEU Statement on EU Member States' Approval of Restrictive Measures Against Chinese Enterprises Under the International Procurement Instrument (IPI)

2 June 2025, Brussels, Belgium

The China Chamber of Commerce to the EU (CCCEU) takes note that EU member states have reportedly approved restrictive measures under the International Procurement Instrument (IPI), limiting Chinese companies’ access to public procurement tenders in the medical device sector for contracts exceeding €5 million over a five-year period.

The CCCEU expresses profound disappointment over this decision and serious concerns about the EU’s move to limit Chinese enterprises’ participation in the EU procurement market, particularly in the healthcare sector.

The IPI is a unilateral instrument introduced by the EU. Its targeted application against Chinese enterprises sends a troubling signal—not only adding new complexity to China-EU economic and trade relations, but also contradicting the EU’s stated principles of openness, fairness, and non-discrimination in market access.

It is important to underscore that any pursuit of “market reciprocity” must be based on an accurate understanding of historical and practical realities. For years, European medical device companies have enjoyed significant access to the Chinese market, playing a key role in supporting the modernization of China’s healthcare system and achieving substantial growth. The EU’s current decision fails to acknowledge this context and undermines the spirit of balanced engagement and mutual benefit.

At a time when the global trade faces considerable uncertainty, and certain countries are resorting to unilateral tariff measures that disrupt global market order, China and the EU—as two major global economies—should jointly uphold free trade and multilateral cooperation, instead of introducing unilateral restrictions that escalate tensions.

Chinese enterprises have consistently operated in compliance with laws and regulations, following principles of integrity and good faith. Their contributions to the EU—through investment, technological advancement, and job creation—are widely recognized and valued.

The CCCEU urges the EU to reconsider the necessity and long-term implications of these restrictive measures under the IPI. Turning policy instruments into de facto trade barriers would not only harm bilateral interests but also weaken global confidence in economic recovery and sustainable development.

We remain committed to constructive engagement. The CCCEU will continue to maintain open communication with all relevant EU stakeholders and defend the legitimate rights and interests of our member companies. We firmly believe that through dialogue and cooperation, China and the EU can effectively manage differences and work together toward a more open, stable, and inclusive global economy.

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